Website Design Tour
Instructional Design
This website and music technology curriculum identifies the mental conditions for learning with a systematic approach to instructional design and training. It uses the following design models in identifying the outcomes of the instruction, guiding and developing the instructional content (scope and sequence) and establishing how instructional effectiveness will be evaluated:
Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction
Gagne created a nine-step process called the events of instruction, which correlate to and address the conditions of learning. The figure below shows these instructional events in the left column and the associated mental processes in the right column.
Instructional Event Internal Mental Process
1. Gain Attention Stimuli activates receptors
2. Inform learners of objectives Creates level of expectation for learning
3. Stimulate recall of prior learning Retrieval and activation of
short-term memory
4. Present the content Selective perception of content.
5. Provide "learning guidance" Semantic encoding for storage of long-term memory
6. Elicit performance (practice) Responds to questions to enhance encoding and verification
7. Provide feedback Reinforcement and assessment of correct performance
8. Assess performance Retrieval and reinforcement of content as final evaluation
9. Enhance retention and transfer to the job Retrieval and generalization of learned skill to new situation
David Ausubel
Conceived a major instructional mechanism called "Advance Organizers".
This method provides a means for students to organize the ideas to be presented by stating in advance what the lesson will focus on and how it will be structured.
Lessons begin with clearly stated objectives and then by linking new knowledge to what was already known through examples, analogies and metaphors.
This is followed by periodic review questions and then a final summary, test or project.